Mullins a K.O. Victim
When the bell sounded, K.O. Mullins responded with alacrity.He sprang from his stool and charged across the ring, showing disdain for the champion's strengh. Although this belligerent attitude impressed the referee, it failed to intimidate the champ.That intrepid battler laid the hapless Mullins low with an adroit feint and an uppercut.
一擊倒地的Mullins
當比賽的鐘聲響起，K.O. Mullins立即輕快的反應。他從板凳上跳了起來，在拳擊場上衝來衝去，對冠軍實力表現出輕蔑的態度。雖然這種好戰的態度讓裁判印象深刻，但卻恫赫不了冠軍對手。勇敢的勇士利用熟戀的假攻擊和一記上勾拳，讓可憐的Mullins倒地。
Words
1. alacrity 輕快，活潑 n.
2. disdain 輕蔑，鄙視 n.
3. belligerent 好戰的 adj.
4. intimidate 威嚇，脅迫 v.
5. feint 假攻，虛擊 n.
6. charge 向...衝去，進攻 v.
7. intrepid 勇敢的 adj.(Week 2 Day 1)
8. hapless 不幸的 adj.(Week 2 Day 2)
9. adroit 靈巧的，敏捷的，熟練的 adj. (Week 2 Day 3)
Today's Idiom
to throw down the gauntlet
gauntlet是中世紀武士用的金屬護手，臂鎧，這句片語是從中世紀武士的習俗流傳而來，在中世紀當一名武士將護手或是金屬手套丟在地上，就表示武士想要和對方挑戰，戰鬥。所以便引申為挑戰對方的意思。
Grammar 主詞藍色 動詞(片語)咖啡色 受詞綠色 連接詞橘色
1.When the bell sounded, K.O. Mullins responded with alacrity.
第一句是用when的句型，這裡純粹表達鐘聲響起，Mullins便很輕快的回應，表示他隨時都準備好要比賽了。標頭的k.o. victim跟 K.O. Mullins兩者的k.o.其實是不一樣的，標頭的k.o.是knocked out的簡寫，意思是被擊倒，輸了，這個縮寫常常可以在打鬥的電玩中看到。而K.O. Mullins的K. O.則是這個人名字的縮寫，但實在是太不吉祥了。
2.He sprang from his stool and charged across the ring, showing disdain for the champion's strengh.
sprang是spring的過去式，就是跳躍的意思。charge這個字在這邊是衝跑的意思。拳擊場的場地，因為四周有繩子圍起來一圈，所以就是ring這個字表示。句子前半用and把兩個動詞sprang和charged連接起來，所以and前後的動詞時態要一致，都是過去式。後面showing disdain for...其實就是and showed disdain for，但是因為省略了連接詞and，必須將showed改成showing的形式，這裡會用ing是因為show的動作是he主動的，所以用Ving。當要表達對誰有輕蔑不屑的用法，用show disdain for這個片語，介係詞是for。
3.Although this belligerent attitude impressed the referee, it failed to intimidate the champ.
although 和but 在英文中不能同時出現在同一句中，所以這句也可以改寫成 This belligerent attitude impressed the referee, but it hailed to intimidate the champ.
impress 是印象深刻，用法是someone/something impress someone，也可以寫成 主詞+be動詞+impressed with/by something。
fail to表示失敗或不能，後面一定是加原型動詞。
4.That intrepid battler laid the hapless Mullins low with an adroit feint and an uppercut.
雖然Mullins表示的他好像很強，很輕快，對冠軍不屑，但是冠軍還是冠軍，有實力還是有實力，還是將Mullins打倒在地，用什麼方式打倒呢，就用介係詞with引出假攻和上勾拳，K.O. Mullins就被k.o.了。
2009年11月30日 星期一
2009年11月27日 星期五
Week 3 Day 5
Desert Storm Decision
In the 1991 Persian Gulf War, where the United Nations forces, led by Americans, ousted the invading Iraqi army from Kuwait's soil, the cessation of combat took place in short order after the Allies were able to wrest control of the skies from the infamous Saddam Hussein's air force.
Words
1.oust 驅逐 v.
2.invade 入侵，侵略 v.
3.soil 土壤，領土 n.
General H. Norman Schwarzkopf, the U.S. field commander, tended to bristle when asked by the media why he hadn't pursued the enmy all the way to Baghdad, saying:
Words
1. commander 指揮官n.
"It would have been foolhardy for us to try to occupy that capital city and pile up American casualties from sniper attacks by Iraq's guerillas. That may be hard for you Monday morning quarterbacks to understand but I thoroughly agreed with the predisent who was convinced that such an action would have sent a bad message to the Arab world and would have splintered the Allied partnership."
Words
1.foolhardy有勇無謀的 adj.
2.casualty傷亡人員 n.
3.sniper狙擊兵 n.
4.Monday morning quarterback 放馬後砲的人 n.
這是從美式足球的用語引申而來的，quarterback就是四分衛，美國的美式足球賽通常是在週末時舉辦，而許多球迷看完球賽後，星期一上班就會跟同事朋友討論說，假如那個四分衛如何如何，那個裁判怎麼樣怎麼樣，戰略如果是幹麻幹麻的，就不會失分了。但其實比賽早已比完，也不能改變結果，所以變成為放馬後砲的人。
5.splinter 分裂 v.
Schwarzkopf reiterated that it was his mission to hurl back the invaders with a minimum of bloodshed but not, he added in a caustic tone, "to splatter Saddam over the desert sands. That dictator's days are numbered," the general concluded. "but I expect his end is likely to come at eht hands of his own people." As it happens, the general was wrong about that.
Words
1.reiterate 重申 v.
2.bloodshed 流血 n.
3.splatter 飛濺 v.
4.dictator 獨裁者 n.
In the 1991 Persian Gulf War, where the United Nations forces, led by Americans, ousted the invading Iraqi army from Kuwait's soil, the cessation of combat took place in short order after the Allies were able to wrest control of the skies from the infamous Saddam Hussein's air force.
Words
1.oust 驅逐 v.
2.invade 入侵，侵略 v.
3.soil 土壤，領土 n.
General H. Norman Schwarzkopf, the U.S. field commander, tended to bristle when asked by the media why he hadn't pursued the enmy all the way to Baghdad, saying:
Words
1. commander 指揮官n.
"It would have been foolhardy for us to try to occupy that capital city and pile up American casualties from sniper attacks by Iraq's guerillas. That may be hard for you Monday morning quarterbacks to understand but I thoroughly agreed with the predisent who was convinced that such an action would have sent a bad message to the Arab world and would have splintered the Allied partnership."
Words
1.foolhardy有勇無謀的 adj.
2.casualty傷亡人員 n.
3.sniper狙擊兵 n.
4.Monday morning quarterback 放馬後砲的人 n.
這是從美式足球的用語引申而來的，quarterback就是四分衛，美國的美式足球賽通常是在週末時舉辦，而許多球迷看完球賽後，星期一上班就會跟同事朋友討論說，假如那個四分衛如何如何，那個裁判怎麼樣怎麼樣，戰略如果是幹麻幹麻的，就不會失分了。但其實比賽早已比完，也不能改變結果，所以變成為放馬後砲的人。
5.splinter 分裂 v.
Schwarzkopf reiterated that it was his mission to hurl back the invaders with a minimum of bloodshed but not, he added in a caustic tone, "to splatter Saddam over the desert sands. That dictator's days are numbered," the general concluded. "but I expect his end is likely to come at eht hands of his own people." As it happens, the general was wrong about that.
Words
1.reiterate 重申 v.
2.bloodshed 流血 n.
3.splatter 飛濺 v.
4.dictator 獨裁者 n.
2009年11月26日 星期四
Week 3 Day 4
Call me by my Right Name
My cousin refers to himself as a "sanitary engineer", a euphemism for garbage collector. There are any number of people who try to find more respectable and glamorous titles for the mundane jobs they hold. It may seem incongruous to call an undertaker "condolence counselor", or to refer to a taxi driver as a "transportation expediter", but some prefer those titles. As a matter of fact, our butcher has stipulated that from now on he wants to be known as a "meat coordinator". He became irate when I inadvertently called him "Butch".
叫我正確的名字
我的堂弟稱他自己為衛生工程師，這其實是收垃圾的清潔員的好聽說法。有許多的人嘗試去尋找更受人尊敬，更迷人的職稱來稱呼她們所擁有的世俗工作。叫一個殯葬業者為弔唁安慰者，或是稱呼計程車司級為運輸促進者，似乎是不合適的，但是有些人就是喜歡這類稱呼。事實上，我們的肉販老闆就規定從現在起，只能叫他肉品協調者。當我不小心稱他為肉販時，他還相當的生氣。
Words
1. euphemism 婉轉的說法 n.
2. mundane 世俗的，世界的 adj.
3. incongruous 不合適的 adj.
4. condolence 弔唁，慰問 n.
5. stipulate 規定，約定 v.
6. sanitary 衛生的 adj.
7. glamorous 負有魅力的，迷人的 adj.
8. undertaker 殯葬業者 n.
9. expediter 促進者 n.
10. butcher 肉販 n.
11. coordinator 協調者 n.
12. irate (Week 2 Day2) 生氣的，憤怒的 adj.
13. inadvertent (Week 3 Day 2) 不注意的 adj.
Today's Idiom
to go up in smoke
這句片語是來自於點蠟燭的動作，當點蠟燭時，如果火沒有點燃，就會只剩下一縷白煙，因此用來形容事物化為烏有。
Grammar 主詞藍色 動詞(片語)咖啡色 受詞綠色 連接詞橘色
1.My cousin refers to himself as a "sanitary engineer", a euphemism for garbage collector.
第一句句型很簡單，逗號的後面說的a euphemism...就是sanitary engineer的同位語，用來解釋sanitary engineer是什麼意思。 refer to這個片語就是指稱的意思，一定是用to 這個介係詞。
2.There are any number of people who try to find more respectable and glamorous titles for the mundane jobs they hold.
第二句也是有there be的句型，who就是關係代名詞，用來指any number of people，如果這邊要省略who的話，句子就要改成there are any number of people trying to ...，用Ving的方式。find A for B的意思就是找A來代替B。後面的mundane jobs they hold，就是 mundane jobs that they hold的意思，省略的that的關係代名詞就變成句子所寫的樣子了。
3.It may seem incongruous to call an undertaker "condolence counselor", or to refer to a taxi driver as a "transportation expediter", but some prefer those titles.
seem的用法也很實用，這裡是用it +seem +adj. +to V.這樣的句型。call A B就是用B的名字來稱呼A。refer to A as B，就是用B的名稱來稱呼A。其實都是一樣的意思，但是用了不同的動詞來表達，使文章豐富。but後面的some就是指some people，直接用some來取代名詞，而prefer這個字則是偏好，比較喜歡，所以本身就有比較的意思，若要表達比較喜歡A勝於B，就用prefer A to B，這個句型。 如果說比較喜歡做什麼事，就用prefer to Ving的形式。
4.As a matter of fact, our butcher has stipulated that from now on he wants to be known as a "meat coordinator".
as a matter of fact就是in fact的意思。後面的句子很單純沒有特殊的用法。
5.He became irate when I inadvertently called him "Butch".
最後一句則是複習兩個之前學過的單字，也相當的簡單。
My cousin refers to himself as a "sanitary engineer", a euphemism for garbage collector. There are any number of people who try to find more respectable and glamorous titles for the mundane jobs they hold. It may seem incongruous to call an undertaker "condolence counselor", or to refer to a taxi driver as a "transportation expediter", but some prefer those titles. As a matter of fact, our butcher has stipulated that from now on he wants to be known as a "meat coordinator". He became irate when I inadvertently called him "Butch".
叫我正確的名字
我的堂弟稱他自己為衛生工程師，這其實是收垃圾的清潔員的好聽說法。有許多的人嘗試去尋找更受人尊敬，更迷人的職稱來稱呼她們所擁有的世俗工作。叫一個殯葬業者為弔唁安慰者，或是稱呼計程車司級為運輸促進者，似乎是不合適的，但是有些人就是喜歡這類稱呼。事實上，我們的肉販老闆就規定從現在起，只能叫他肉品協調者。當我不小心稱他為肉販時，他還相當的生氣。
Words
1. euphemism 婉轉的說法 n.
2. mundane 世俗的，世界的 adj.
3. incongruous 不合適的 adj.
4. condolence 弔唁，慰問 n.
5. stipulate 規定，約定 v.
6. sanitary 衛生的 adj.
7. glamorous 負有魅力的，迷人的 adj.
8. undertaker 殯葬業者 n.
9. expediter 促進者 n.
10. butcher 肉販 n.
11. coordinator 協調者 n.
12. irate (Week 2 Day2) 生氣的，憤怒的 adj.
13. inadvertent (Week 3 Day 2) 不注意的 adj.
Today's Idiom
to go up in smoke
這句片語是來自於點蠟燭的動作，當點蠟燭時，如果火沒有點燃，就會只剩下一縷白煙，因此用來形容事物化為烏有。
Grammar 主詞藍色 動詞(片語)咖啡色 受詞綠色 連接詞橘色
1.My cousin refers to himself as a "sanitary engineer", a euphemism for garbage collector.
第一句句型很簡單，逗號的後面說的a euphemism...就是sanitary engineer的同位語，用來解釋sanitary engineer是什麼意思。 refer to這個片語就是指稱的意思，一定是用to 這個介係詞。
2.There are any number of people who try to find more respectable and glamorous titles for the mundane jobs they hold.
第二句也是有there be的句型，who就是關係代名詞，用來指any number of people，如果這邊要省略who的話，句子就要改成there are any number of people trying to ...，用Ving的方式。find A for B的意思就是找A來代替B。後面的mundane jobs they hold，就是 mundane jobs that they hold的意思，省略的that的關係代名詞就變成句子所寫的樣子了。
3.It may seem incongruous to call an undertaker "condolence counselor", or to refer to a taxi driver as a "transportation expediter", but some prefer those titles.
seem的用法也很實用，這裡是用it +seem +adj. +to V.這樣的句型。call A B就是用B的名字來稱呼A。refer to A as B，就是用B的名稱來稱呼A。其實都是一樣的意思，但是用了不同的動詞來表達，使文章豐富。but後面的some就是指some people，直接用some來取代名詞，而prefer這個字則是偏好，比較喜歡，所以本身就有比較的意思，若要表達比較喜歡A勝於B，就用prefer A to B，這個句型。 如果說比較喜歡做什麼事，就用prefer to Ving的形式。
4.As a matter of fact, our butcher has stipulated that from now on he wants to be known as a "meat coordinator".
as a matter of fact就是in fact的意思。後面的句子很單純沒有特殊的用法。
5.He became irate when I inadvertently called him "Butch".
最後一句則是複習兩個之前學過的單字，也相當的簡單。
2009年11月25日 星期三
Week 3 Day 3
Courtroom Drama
There was an ominous silence when the jittery defendant rose in court. He explained in a tremulous voice what had led him to repudiate his confession made at the police station on the night of the crime. The audience began to buzz excitedly until the judge demanded a cessation of the noise. Although the district attorney bristled with anger, the defendant kept insisting that his rights had been violated because he had not been told he could see a lawyer before confessing.
法庭大戲
當神情緊張的被告出現在法庭時，全場有一種不祥的寂靜。他用顫抖的聲音解釋為什麼他將犯罪當晚在警察局所做的自白給翻供。旁聽的民眾開始激動的議論紛紛，直到法官制止才停止。雖然區域檢察官聽到後氣的全身僵硬，但是被告還是堅持他的權利被侵犯了，因為他認為沒人告訴他在自白前可以請律師幫忙。
Words
1. ominous 不詳的，預視的 adj.
2. tremulous 顫抖的，害怕的 adj.
3. repudiate 否認，駁斥 v.
4. cessation 停止 n.
5. bristle 因害怕或生氣而僵硬 v.
6. jittery 緊張不安的 adj.
7. defendant 被告 n.
8.buzz 嗡嗡聲響 v.
9. attorney 律師，檢察官 n.
10.confess 坦白，承認 v.
Today's Idiom
Skid Row
這是一個美國的俚語，最早的用法是來自伐木業。skid的意思就是滾滑，滑行。伐木業為了運送木材，會用木頭交錯的疊成一條路或是滑行道，讓木材可以以滑動的方式運送。到了1900年左右
，Skid Row就變成城鎮裡，伐木工人居住的區域，裡頭充滿許多的酒吧及妓院。1930年代以後，Skid Row就演變成今日的用法，成為形容有許多流浪漢，酒鬼常常出沒的貧民區。
Grammar 主詞藍色 動詞(片語)咖啡色 受詞綠色 連接詞橘色
1.There was an ominous silence when the jittery defendant rose in court.
第一句用there was開頭，表示有什麼事發生了。when的子句點明了何事發生。
2.He explained in a tremulous voice what had led him to repudiate his confession made at the police station on the night of the crime.
第二句的 in a tremulous voice就是副詞片語，用來形容被告解釋時後說話是很顫抖的。what也是關係代名詞，其實就是the things which的意思，而confession後面的made at the police station on the night of the crime，其實是將 confession (that is) made at the ...中的關係代名詞和be動詞that is省略而成，這裡用made的意思就是被動語態，表示自白是被被告說出的。而後面的on the police station就是表明地點，on the night of the crime就是表明時間。
3.The audience began to buzz excitedly until the judge demanded a cessation of the noise.
第三句中，旁聽的民眾之所以會開始buzz就是因為被告翻供了，所以大家開始議論紛紛，可是在法庭上又不會講的很大聲，都私下在小聲講話，所以聲音就變成嗡嗡作響的感覺，所以用buzz這個字。後面的until的用法，曾經介紹過，表示until前面的動作會一直持續到until後面的動作為止，所以這邊就是說 民眾議論紛紛的這個動作(until前面的動作)一直持續到法官制止(until後面的動作)為止，所以時間順序就是民眾講話-->法官制止-->民眾停止講話。
4.Although the district attorney bristled with anger, the defendant kept insisting that his rights had been violated because he had not been told he could see a lawyer before confessing.
英文的句子中，有although 就沒有but，有but就沒有although，所以即使中文翻譯兩者都出現，英文當中是看不到的。
bristle 這個字在當名詞時是鬃毛，動詞時就是毛髮直立的狀態，最常可以看到的就是貓在生氣時，往往會拱著身體，然後毛髮直立，所以當檢察官聽到被告翻供時，當然就很生氣，好像全身僵硬，毛髮直立的感覺。
keep當持續的時候，後面的動詞會用 Ving的形式。insist 為堅持，當堅持的事是名詞時，會用insist on+ N. (或 + Ving)，on 這個介係詞，這邊因為堅持的事情是用句子來表達，不是簡單的名詞，所以用that引出後面的子句。
為什麼被告堅持他的權益受損呢，所以用一個because帶出後面的子句，原因就是他在自首的時候沒有律師在旁。
There was an ominous silence when the jittery defendant rose in court. He explained in a tremulous voice what had led him to repudiate his confession made at the police station on the night of the crime. The audience began to buzz excitedly until the judge demanded a cessation of the noise. Although the district attorney bristled with anger, the defendant kept insisting that his rights had been violated because he had not been told he could see a lawyer before confessing.
法庭大戲
當神情緊張的被告出現在法庭時，全場有一種不祥的寂靜。他用顫抖的聲音解釋為什麼他將犯罪當晚在警察局所做的自白給翻供。旁聽的民眾開始激動的議論紛紛，直到法官制止才停止。雖然區域檢察官聽到後氣的全身僵硬，但是被告還是堅持他的權利被侵犯了，因為他認為沒人告訴他在自白前可以請律師幫忙。
Words
1. ominous 不詳的，預視的 adj.
2. tremulous 顫抖的，害怕的 adj.
3. repudiate 否認，駁斥 v.
4. cessation 停止 n.
5. bristle 因害怕或生氣而僵硬 v.
6. jittery 緊張不安的 adj.
7. defendant 被告 n.
8.buzz 嗡嗡聲響 v.
9. attorney 律師，檢察官 n.
10.confess 坦白，承認 v.
Today's Idiom
Skid Row
這是一個美國的俚語，最早的用法是來自伐木業。skid的意思就是滾滑，滑行。伐木業為了運送木材，會用木頭交錯的疊成一條路或是滑行道，讓木材可以以滑動的方式運送。到了1900年左右
，Skid Row就變成城鎮裡，伐木工人居住的區域，裡頭充滿許多的酒吧及妓院。1930年代以後，Skid Row就演變成今日的用法，成為形容有許多流浪漢，酒鬼常常出沒的貧民區。
Grammar 主詞藍色 動詞(片語)咖啡色 受詞綠色 連接詞橘色
1.There was an ominous silence when the jittery defendant rose in court.
第一句用there was開頭，表示有什麼事發生了。when的子句點明了何事發生。
2.He explained in a tremulous voice what had led him to repudiate his confession made at the police station on the night of the crime.
第二句的 in a tremulous voice就是副詞片語，用來形容被告解釋時後說話是很顫抖的。what也是關係代名詞，其實就是the things which的意思，而confession後面的made at the police station on the night of the crime，其實是將 confession (that is) made at the ...中的關係代名詞和be動詞that is省略而成，這裡用made的意思就是被動語態，表示自白是被被告說出的。而後面的on the police station就是表明地點，on the night of the crime就是表明時間。
3.The audience began to buzz excitedly until the judge demanded a cessation of the noise.
第三句中，旁聽的民眾之所以會開始buzz就是因為被告翻供了，所以大家開始議論紛紛，可是在法庭上又不會講的很大聲，都私下在小聲講話，所以聲音就變成嗡嗡作響的感覺，所以用buzz這個字。後面的until的用法，曾經介紹過，表示until前面的動作會一直持續到until後面的動作為止，所以這邊就是說 民眾議論紛紛的這個動作(until前面的動作)一直持續到法官制止(until後面的動作)為止，所以時間順序就是民眾講話-->法官制止-->民眾停止講話。
4.Although the district attorney bristled with anger, the defendant kept insisting that his rights had been violated because he had not been told he could see a lawyer before confessing.
英文的句子中，有although 就沒有but，有but就沒有although，所以即使中文翻譯兩者都出現，英文當中是看不到的。
bristle 這個字在當名詞時是鬃毛，動詞時就是毛髮直立的狀態，最常可以看到的就是貓在生氣時，往往會拱著身體，然後毛髮直立，所以當檢察官聽到被告翻供時，當然就很生氣，好像全身僵硬，毛髮直立的感覺。
keep當持續的時候，後面的動詞會用 Ving的形式。insist 為堅持，當堅持的事是名詞時，會用insist on+ N. (或 + Ving)，on 這個介係詞，這邊因為堅持的事情是用句子來表達，不是簡單的名詞，所以用that引出後面的子句。
為什麼被告堅持他的權益受損呢，所以用一個because帶出後面的子句，原因就是他在自首的時候沒有律師在旁。
2009年11月24日 星期二
Week 3 Day 2
The Handcuff is Quicker than the Eye
Slippery Eddie, the infamous pickpocket, was back at work, and every detective had to be especially vigilant. Eddie's technique was to jostle a victim towards a confederate who would then slip the man's wallet out of his back packet while Eddie was stammering an apology to the confused dupe. Within a week the incipient crimewave came to an end when Eddie inadvertently chose the chief of police for his victim. Although Eddie loathes Sing Sing, it is his permanent address now.
手銬比眼快
惡名昭彰的扒手，狡猾的Eddie回來了，所有的警探都得特別的小心注意。Eddie的犯案手法就是先推擠被害者到他的共犯身旁，他的同伴便趁著Eddie支支吾吾的對還搞不清楚狀況的受害者道歉的時候，將皮夾從被害者的後面口袋中偷走。但在一週之內，這個剛開始的犯罪行為便告一段落了，因為Eddie不小心的選擇了一名警官當他的受害者。雖然Eddie討厭坐牢，但是這牢房將會是他永久的居留地了。
Words
1.infamous 惡名昭彰的 adj.
2.jostle 推，擠 v.
3.dupe 容易受騙的人 n.
4.incipient 起初的，剛開始的 adj.
5.inadvertent 不注意的 adj.
6.detective 偵探，警探 n.
7.vigilant 警惕的，謹慎的 adj.
8.confederate 共犯 n.
9.stammer 結巴 v.
10.come to an end 結束 v.
11.Sing Sing 監獄 n.
Sing Sing 是美國紐約的一所監獄，全名為：Sing Sing Correctional Facility
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sing_Sing 有他的介紹
12.permanent 永久的 adj.
Today's idiom
carry the day
原本的意思是贏得戰爭的勝利，後來便引申為贏得大多數的同意，或是優勝的意思。
Grammar 主詞藍色 動詞(片語)咖啡色 受詞綠色 連接詞橘色
標頭的 the handcuff is quicker than the eye其實是改寫自the hand is quicker than the eye這句話，原來的意思是魔術師在變魔術時，因為手法快速，常常這一秒看到的東西，下一秒就變不見了，所以the hand is quicker than the eye就變成形容魔術師的手法高明，速度快到眼睛都看不清。這裡將hand用handcuff取代，根據文章的內容，表示被害人雖然搞不清楚錢怎麼被偷了，但是最後犯罪者還是被抓，套上手銬，送入大牢。
1.Slippery Eddie, the infamous pickpocket, was back at work, and every detective had to be especially vigilant.
第一句話在Eddie前面多加的一個形容詞，其實就是他的別稱，美國人很喜歡替人物取一些暱稱，用來形容這個人的特色，在這邊用slippery不僅有狡猾的意思，還表示他的扒錢手法高明，可以將皮夾偷的讓受害者都不知情。在Eddie用了兩個commas，所夾住的名稱就是同位語，用來解釋Eddie是怎麼樣的一個人，所以我們就知道它是一個扒手。and後面的句子則是說明警察都要小心注意了，因為Eddie會開始犯罪。had to 就是have to 的過去是，代表必須，一定，後面一定是原型動詞。
2.Eddie's technique was to jostle a victim towards a confederate who would then slip the man's wallet out of his back packet while Eddie was stammering an apology to the confused dupe.
這裡用主詞+be動詞+to V.不定詞的方式來表達偷竊手法的方式。confederate後面加了一個關係代名詞who用來形容共犯的作為。當共犯在偷皮夾時，Eddie則假裝對被害者說對不起，讓被害者失去戒心，可說中西手法皆同。while後面用進行式，表示當共犯在偷東西的同時，Eddie表達抱歉的動作同時間正在進行，因為是過去的事實，所以be動詞用過去式。
3.Within a week the incipient crimewave came to an end when Eddie inadvertently chose the chief of police for his victim.
within的意思是在...之內，如果這裡用in a week，就會變成一週後，會變成未來式。 something come to an end表示某事結束了，因為Eddie在太歲爺上動土，最後下場當然是被抓。
4.Although Eddie loathes Sing Sing, it is his permanent address now.
loathe是動詞，表示討厭，另一個字loath是形容詞，也是討厭不喜歡的意思。但使用動詞時，會是 loathe +Ving，使用形容詞會是 be + loath + to V. 兩者用法不同。Sing Sing是紐約監獄的名稱，美國常常會用某些東西的名字來作為某個東西的代名詞，這裡就是用Sing Sing取代監獄，就像她們會用影印機廠牌Xerox來稱呼影印機一樣。
Slippery Eddie, the infamous pickpocket, was back at work, and every detective had to be especially vigilant. Eddie's technique was to jostle a victim towards a confederate who would then slip the man's wallet out of his back packet while Eddie was stammering an apology to the confused dupe. Within a week the incipient crimewave came to an end when Eddie inadvertently chose the chief of police for his victim. Although Eddie loathes Sing Sing, it is his permanent address now.
手銬比眼快
惡名昭彰的扒手，狡猾的Eddie回來了，所有的警探都得特別的小心注意。Eddie的犯案手法就是先推擠被害者到他的共犯身旁，他的同伴便趁著Eddie支支吾吾的對還搞不清楚狀況的受害者道歉的時候，將皮夾從被害者的後面口袋中偷走。但在一週之內，這個剛開始的犯罪行為便告一段落了，因為Eddie不小心的選擇了一名警官當他的受害者。雖然Eddie討厭坐牢，但是這牢房將會是他永久的居留地了。
Words
1.infamous 惡名昭彰的 adj.
2.jostle 推，擠 v.
3.dupe 容易受騙的人 n.
4.incipient 起初的，剛開始的 adj.
5.inadvertent 不注意的 adj.
6.detective 偵探，警探 n.
7.vigilant 警惕的，謹慎的 adj.
8.confederate 共犯 n.
9.stammer 結巴 v.
10.come to an end 結束 v.
11.Sing Sing 監獄 n.
Sing Sing 是美國紐約的一所監獄，全名為：Sing Sing Correctional Facility
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sing_Sing 有他的介紹
12.permanent 永久的 adj.
Today's idiom
carry the day
原本的意思是贏得戰爭的勝利，後來便引申為贏得大多數的同意，或是優勝的意思。
Grammar 主詞藍色 動詞(片語)咖啡色 受詞綠色 連接詞橘色
標頭的 the handcuff is quicker than the eye其實是改寫自the hand is quicker than the eye這句話，原來的意思是魔術師在變魔術時，因為手法快速，常常這一秒看到的東西，下一秒就變不見了，所以the hand is quicker than the eye就變成形容魔術師的手法高明，速度快到眼睛都看不清。這裡將hand用handcuff取代，根據文章的內容，表示被害人雖然搞不清楚錢怎麼被偷了，但是最後犯罪者還是被抓，套上手銬，送入大牢。
1.Slippery Eddie, the infamous pickpocket, was back at work, and every detective had to be especially vigilant.
第一句話在Eddie前面多加的一個形容詞，其實就是他的別稱，美國人很喜歡替人物取一些暱稱，用來形容這個人的特色，在這邊用slippery不僅有狡猾的意思，還表示他的扒錢手法高明，可以將皮夾偷的讓受害者都不知情。在Eddie用了兩個commas，所夾住的名稱就是同位語，用來解釋Eddie是怎麼樣的一個人，所以我們就知道它是一個扒手。and後面的句子則是說明警察都要小心注意了，因為Eddie會開始犯罪。had to 就是have to 的過去是，代表必須，一定，後面一定是原型動詞。
2.Eddie's technique was to jostle a victim towards a confederate who would then slip the man's wallet out of his back packet while Eddie was stammering an apology to the confused dupe.
這裡用主詞+be動詞+to V.不定詞的方式來表達偷竊手法的方式。confederate後面加了一個關係代名詞who用來形容共犯的作為。當共犯在偷皮夾時，Eddie則假裝對被害者說對不起，讓被害者失去戒心，可說中西手法皆同。while後面用進行式，表示當共犯在偷東西的同時，Eddie表達抱歉的動作同時間正在進行，因為是過去的事實，所以be動詞用過去式。
3.Within a week the incipient crimewave came to an end when Eddie inadvertently chose the chief of police for his victim.
within的意思是在...之內，如果這裡用in a week，就會變成一週後，會變成未來式。 something come to an end表示某事結束了，因為Eddie在太歲爺上動土，最後下場當然是被抓。
4.Although Eddie loathes Sing Sing, it is his permanent address now.
loathe是動詞，表示討厭，另一個字loath是形容詞，也是討厭不喜歡的意思。但使用動詞時，會是 loathe +Ving，使用形容詞會是 be + loath + to V. 兩者用法不同。Sing Sing是紐約監獄的名稱，美國常常會用某些東西的名字來作為某個東西的代名詞，這裡就是用Sing Sing取代監獄，就像她們會用影印機廠牌Xerox來稱呼影印機一樣。
2009年11月23日 星期一
Week 3 Day 1
Pep Talk
"If there's one thing I loathe," the coach said,"it's a quitter."He had good reason to reprimand us at half-time, because the score board revealed that we were losing, 45-20. Our lackluster performance indicated to him that we had forgotten the rudimentary aspects of basketball. His caustic words fired us up, however, and we dashed out, determined to wrest the control of the game from our rivals.
精神訓話
"假如有什麼事是我痛恨的，" 教練說，"那就是輕易放棄的人"。他有很好的理由來教訓我們，因為中場結束，記分板上的分數，我們是以45比20輸給對方。我們毫無生趣的表現向教練證明了我們早已忘記籃球比賽的基本精神。然而教練的諷刺言論激起我們的鬥志，我們因此在場上奮力衝刺，想要從對手身上奪回比賽的主導權。
Words
1. loathe 討厭，痛恨 v.
2. raprimand 訓斥，斥責 v.
3. lackluster 無生氣的，無聊的 adj.
4. caustic 刻薄的，譏諷的 adj.
5. wrest 奪取 v.
6. rudimentary 基本的 adj. (Week 2 Day 4)
Today's Idiom
crocodile tears
這個片語的由來是來自於古羅馬時代，當時的人們誤以為鱷魚在食用捕捉的獵物時，會流下眼淚。後來便引申為假慈悲的意思。
Grammar
1."If there's one thing I loathe," the coach said,"it's a quitter."
第一句為單純的假設語氣，所以都是用現在式表達即可。
2.He had good reason to reprimand us at half-time, because the score board revealed that we were losing, 45-20.
第二句也沒什麼重要的句型，相當的直述。
3.Our lackluster performance indicated to him that we had forgotten the rudimentary aspects of basketball.
第三句是在過去的狀態下描述事情，所以開頭是用過去式，後面用了過去完成式，就是因為再過去的狀態下去描述一個過去已經完成的事實，所以用過去完成式。
4.His caustic words fired us up, however, and we dashed out, determined to wrest the control of the game from our rivals.
最後一句也是簡單的直述句，也就是今天的文章相當的簡單。
"If there's one thing I loathe," the coach said,"it's a quitter."He had good reason to reprimand us at half-time, because the score board revealed that we were losing, 45-20. Our lackluster performance indicated to him that we had forgotten the rudimentary aspects of basketball. His caustic words fired us up, however, and we dashed out, determined to wrest the control of the game from our rivals.
精神訓話
"假如有什麼事是我痛恨的，" 教練說，"那就是輕易放棄的人"。他有很好的理由來教訓我們，因為中場結束，記分板上的分數，我們是以45比20輸給對方。我們毫無生趣的表現向教練證明了我們早已忘記籃球比賽的基本精神。然而教練的諷刺言論激起我們的鬥志，我們因此在場上奮力衝刺，想要從對手身上奪回比賽的主導權。
Words
1. loathe 討厭，痛恨 v.
2. raprimand 訓斥，斥責 v.
3. lackluster 無生氣的，無聊的 adj.
4. caustic 刻薄的，譏諷的 adj.
5. wrest 奪取 v.
6. rudimentary 基本的 adj. (Week 2 Day 4)
Today's Idiom
crocodile tears
這個片語的由來是來自於古羅馬時代，當時的人們誤以為鱷魚在食用捕捉的獵物時，會流下眼淚。後來便引申為假慈悲的意思。
Grammar
1."If there's one thing I loathe," the coach said,"it's a quitter."
第一句為單純的假設語氣，所以都是用現在式表達即可。
2.He had good reason to reprimand us at half-time, because the score board revealed that we were losing, 45-20.
第二句也沒什麼重要的句型，相當的直述。
3.Our lackluster performance indicated to him that we had forgotten the rudimentary aspects of basketball.
第三句是在過去的狀態下描述事情，所以開頭是用過去式，後面用了過去完成式，就是因為再過去的狀態下去描述一個過去已經完成的事實，所以用過去完成式。
4.His caustic words fired us up, however, and we dashed out, determined to wrest the control of the game from our rivals.
最後一句也是簡單的直述句，也就是今天的文章相當的簡單。
2009年11月20日 星期五
Week 2 Day 5
The Best Laid Plans
Gloria Rogers overslept and then had to sprint to catch the same Greyhound Bus that she boarded on the last Thursday of every month. After a three-hour uneventful ride, she finally arrived at the bus terminal where a courtesy van was ready to transport bus passengers to Visitors Day at State Penitentiary.
Words
1.sprint 奮力而跑，衝刺 v.
2.greyhound 灰狗 n.
3.uneventful 平靜無事的 adj.
4.terminal 總站，終站 n.
5.courtesy van 接駁車 n.
6.penitentiary 監獄 n.
Although Gloria tried to act casual, she was more than a little nervous. Her boyfriend, Art, a convicted felon, had managed to gain admittance to the prison’s hospital on the pretext of having a gall bladder attack. Under her own slacks and bulky sweater, Gloria was wearing a set of clothes that she removed in the hospital bathroom and passed on to Art. He planned to use them after making his escape in the back of the prison ambulance that was parked outside his ward.
Words
1. gall bladder 膽囊 n.
2. slack 寬鬆長褲 n.
3. ambulance 救護車 n.
4. ward 病房 n.
Art had spelled out his escape plan during Gloria’s last visit, spending an hour trying to cajole her into being his accomplice. All that she had to do was appear to have a seizure. Then she would fabricate a story about her epilepsy while Art, with the smuggled clothes concealed under his prison bathrobe, would slip out of the ward during the excitement. Unfortunately for the schemers, a vigilant hospital guard spotted Art climbing into the rear of the ambulance and quickly foiled the escape attempt. The result was that Art had three years added to his sentence and Gloria was imprisoned for her role in the misadventure.
Words
1. spell out 詳加說明 v.
2. accomplice 共犯 n.
3. seizure (病的)發作 n.
4. epilepsy 癲癇，羊癇風 n.
5. smuggle 走私，偷運 v.
6. bathrobe 浴衣 n.
7. schemer 計劃者，謀士 n.
8. foil 挫敗，阻擾 v.
Gloria Rogers overslept and then had to sprint to catch the same Greyhound Bus that she boarded on the last Thursday of every month. After a three-hour uneventful ride, she finally arrived at the bus terminal where a courtesy van was ready to transport bus passengers to Visitors Day at State Penitentiary.
Words
1.sprint 奮力而跑，衝刺 v.
2.greyhound 灰狗 n.
3.uneventful 平靜無事的 adj.
4.terminal 總站，終站 n.
5.courtesy van 接駁車 n.
6.penitentiary 監獄 n.
Although Gloria tried to act casual, she was more than a little nervous. Her boyfriend, Art, a convicted felon, had managed to gain admittance to the prison’s hospital on the pretext of having a gall bladder attack. Under her own slacks and bulky sweater, Gloria was wearing a set of clothes that she removed in the hospital bathroom and passed on to Art. He planned to use them after making his escape in the back of the prison ambulance that was parked outside his ward.
Words
1. gall bladder 膽囊 n.
2. slack 寬鬆長褲 n.
3. ambulance 救護車 n.
4. ward 病房 n.
Art had spelled out his escape plan during Gloria’s last visit, spending an hour trying to cajole her into being his accomplice. All that she had to do was appear to have a seizure. Then she would fabricate a story about her epilepsy while Art, with the smuggled clothes concealed under his prison bathrobe, would slip out of the ward during the excitement. Unfortunately for the schemers, a vigilant hospital guard spotted Art climbing into the rear of the ambulance and quickly foiled the escape attempt. The result was that Art had three years added to his sentence and Gloria was imprisoned for her role in the misadventure.
Words
1. spell out 詳加說明 v.
2. accomplice 共犯 n.
3. seizure (病的)發作 n.
4. epilepsy 癲癇，羊癇風 n.
5. smuggle 走私，偷運 v.
6. bathrobe 浴衣 n.
7. schemer 計劃者，謀士 n.
8. foil 挫敗，阻擾 v.
2009年11月19日 星期四
Week 2 Day 4
You've Got to be a Football Expert
As an avid football fan, I try to see every game the Jets play. Whenever I can cajole my father into accompanying me, I try to do so. He has only a rudimentary knowledge of the game,and since I am steeped in it, I enjoy explaining its intricate details to him. It certainly does enhance your appreciation of football when you are aware of every nuance of the sport.
你必須要是橄欖球專家
身為一名死忠的橄欖球迷，我都會想盡辦法觀看每一場紐約噴射機隊的比賽。只要我能哄騙我父親陪我一起看，我都會這樣做。他只略懂橄欖球賽的皮毛，而既然我沉浸在橄欖球賽中，我非常樂意向我父親解釋所有複雜得小細節。當你知道橄欖球賽這個運動的每個小細節，你對球賽的鑑賞力必定會增加。
Words
1. avid 熱心的，熱情的 adj.
2. cajole 誘騙，勸誘 v.
誘騙某人做某事: cajole someone into Ving，用的是into這個介係詞，後面的動詞改用Ving的形式
3. rudimentary 基本的 adj.
4. enhance 提高，增加 v.
5. nuance 細微差別 n.
6. accompany 陪伴，伴隨 v.
7. steep 沉浸在... 中 adj.(Week 1 Day 1)
8. intricate 複雜精細的 adj.
Today's Idiom
to beard the lion in his den
beard這裡是捻鬍鬚的意思，den則是巢穴。這個片語是從聖經故事中的一個拉丁俗諺而來的。故事是說一個牧羊人David，因為一隻老虎偷走他的羊，便追著這隻老虎來到他的洞穴，然後抓住老虎的鬍鬚，把老虎給殺了。後來引申為在某人的領域中拜訪某人或對抗某人，帶有一點冒風險的意思。
Grammar 主詞藍色 動詞(片語)咖啡色 受詞綠色 連結詞橘色
1. As an avid football fan, I try to see every game the Jets play.
as的意思是身為...表示你是...，而like的意思是像...，所以這裡用的是as不是like，因為作者本身就是一名球迷，並不是像一名球迷。
every game the Jets play其實就是every game that the Jets play，當關係代名詞that代替的是一個受詞的地位，that可以省略。
2. Whenever I can cajole my father into accompanying me, I try to do so.
whenever是無論何時，跟when的差別在於whenever沒有限定哪個時間，隨時何時都可以，when後面一定加的是一段時間，是特定的時間點。whenever後面也可加子句，就像本句的樣子。這裡講的是只要是我能說服我爸跟我一起看球賽的任何時候，所以用whenever。
句末的so其實就是cajole my father into accompanying me，為了不要重複述說，就用so代替。
3.He has only a rudimentary knowledge of the game,and since I am steeped in it, I enjoy explaining its intricate details to him.
第三句其實是兩句單獨的句子合併寫在一起。前面部份就是說老爸只懂一點點球賽的皮毛，後面的since當作既然解，而既然我是球迷，我當然很了解規則，所以我很樂意解釋所有比賽的細節。enjoy這個動詞後面一定是加名詞，或是動詞改成Ving的形式。
4.It certainly does enhance your appreciation of football when you are aware of every nuance of the sport.
最後一句 it是虛主詞，表示後面句子中的aware of every nuance of the sport。這裡用了certainly和does兩個字，表示絕對，真的，的意思。兩字的意思其實是完全一樣，所以用了兩個字表示很強調。does enhance= really enhance。be aware of表示明白，了解，of後面加的是名詞，或是Ving。
As an avid football fan, I try to see every game the Jets play. Whenever I can cajole my father into accompanying me, I try to do so. He has only a rudimentary knowledge of the game,and since I am steeped in it, I enjoy explaining its intricate details to him. It certainly does enhance your appreciation of football when you are aware of every nuance of the sport.
你必須要是橄欖球專家
身為一名死忠的橄欖球迷，我都會想盡辦法觀看每一場紐約噴射機隊的比賽。只要我能哄騙我父親陪我一起看，我都會這樣做。他只略懂橄欖球賽的皮毛，而既然我沉浸在橄欖球賽中，我非常樂意向我父親解釋所有複雜得小細節。當你知道橄欖球賽這個運動的每個小細節，你對球賽的鑑賞力必定會增加。
Words
1. avid 熱心的，熱情的 adj.
2. cajole 誘騙，勸誘 v.
誘騙某人做某事: cajole someone into Ving，用的是into這個介係詞，後面的動詞改用Ving的形式
3. rudimentary 基本的 adj.
4. enhance 提高，增加 v.
5. nuance 細微差別 n.
6. accompany 陪伴，伴隨 v.
7. steep 沉浸在... 中 adj.(Week 1 Day 1)
8. intricate 複雜精細的 adj.
Today's Idiom
to beard the lion in his den
beard這裡是捻鬍鬚的意思，den則是巢穴。這個片語是從聖經故事中的一個拉丁俗諺而來的。故事是說一個牧羊人David，因為一隻老虎偷走他的羊，便追著這隻老虎來到他的洞穴，然後抓住老虎的鬍鬚，把老虎給殺了。後來引申為在某人的領域中拜訪某人或對抗某人，帶有一點冒風險的意思。
Grammar 主詞藍色 動詞(片語)咖啡色 受詞綠色 連結詞橘色
1. As an avid football fan, I try to see every game the Jets play.
as的意思是身為...表示你是...，而like的意思是像...，所以這裡用的是as不是like，因為作者本身就是一名球迷，並不是像一名球迷。
every game the Jets play其實就是every game that the Jets play，當關係代名詞that代替的是一個受詞的地位，that可以省略。
2. Whenever I can cajole my father into accompanying me, I try to do so.
whenever是無論何時，跟when的差別在於whenever沒有限定哪個時間，隨時何時都可以，when後面一定加的是一段時間，是特定的時間點。whenever後面也可加子句，就像本句的樣子。這裡講的是只要是我能說服我爸跟我一起看球賽的任何時候，所以用whenever。
句末的so其實就是cajole my father into accompanying me，為了不要重複述說，就用so代替。
3.He has only a rudimentary knowledge of the game,and since I am steeped in it, I enjoy explaining its intricate details to him.
第三句其實是兩句單獨的句子合併寫在一起。前面部份就是說老爸只懂一點點球賽的皮毛，後面的since當作既然解，而既然我是球迷，我當然很了解規則，所以我很樂意解釋所有比賽的細節。enjoy這個動詞後面一定是加名詞，或是動詞改成Ving的形式。
4.It certainly does enhance your appreciation of football when you are aware of every nuance of the sport.
最後一句 it是虛主詞，表示後面句子中的aware of every nuance of the sport。這裡用了certainly和does兩個字，表示絕對，真的，的意思。兩字的意思其實是完全一樣，所以用了兩個字表示很強調。does enhance= really enhance。be aware of表示明白，了解，of後面加的是名詞，或是Ving。
2009年11月18日 星期三
Week 2 Day 3
Dr. Jekyll or Mr. Hyde
Under the pretext of being a surgeon he gained entry to the hospital. When interviewed by the director, he had to fabricate a tale of his medical experience, but he was so adroit at lying that he got away with it. It was not until the phony "doctor" began to gesticulate wildly with his scalpel, that a vigilant nurse was able to detect the fraud. In the annals of medical history there have been a number of such cases.
變身博士
他假藉是外科醫生的名義得以進入這家醫院。當他跟院長面談時，他必須編造過去的醫療經驗，但他實在是太精於說謊，因而騙過了院長如願以償進入醫院。一直到這名假醫生開始瘋狂揮舞著手術解剖刀的時候，警覺的護士才發覺這是個騙局。在醫學的歷史記載中，已經有過許多類似這樣的例子存在。
Words
1.pretext 藉口 n.
2.fabricate 偽造，杜撰，製造 v.
3.adroit 靈巧的，熟練的 adj.
4.gesticulate 作手勢 v.
5.vigilant 警戒的，警惕的 adj.
6.surgeon 外科醫生 n.
7.get away with 僥倖成功，逃脫
8.phony 假的 adj.
9.scalpel 解剖刀 n.
10.fraud 騙局 n.
11.annals 歷史記載 n.(Week 1 Day 3)
Today's Idiom
a wet blanket
這是由用濕的毯子來撲滅火源的動作引伸而來的，引申為掃興的人或物。
Grammar 主詞藍色 動詞(片語)咖啡色 受詞綠色 連接詞橘色
在什麼樣的藉口之下這個片語可以用under the pretext of...。 of後面接的要不是名詞，就是將動詞改成Ving的形式。
2. When interviewed by the director, he had to fabricate a tale of his medical experience, but he was so adroit at lying that he got away with it.
第二句原來的複雜形式為when he was interviewed by the director, he had to fabricate a story of his medical experience. 但因為when後面的子句跟主要子句的主詞是同一個人，可以將when後面的這個字句的主詞跟be動詞省略，變成when interviewed by the director。注意這邊的interviewed by the director其實就是被動語態，所以interview用的是 -ed 的模式，而不是 -ing的形式，因為這邊是他被面試，而不是他去面試其他人。have to 這個片語就是必須的意思，後面加原型動詞，這邊因為是過去的事情，所以用過去式had to 。
後面一句 but he was...是將前面的語氣作一個轉折，所以用but這個連接詞。意思就是說他雖然是假造故事來面試，但是實在是太會編了，所以連院長都被騙過去，以為是真的。so...that...的用法跟前面幾篇的文章用法都一樣，是一個非常實用的片語。
be adroit at的意思實際上就是 be good at的意思，凡是介係詞後面的動詞一定是Ving的形式。
lie這個字當做說謊時，動詞變化為 lie,lied, lied, 進行式為lying; 若lie這個字當躺，臥，放置時，動詞變化為lie, lay, lain，進行式一樣為lying。
3.It was not until the phony "doctor" began to gesticulate wildly with his scalpel, that a vigilant nurse was able to detect the fraud.
4.In the annals of medical history there have been a number of such cases.
最後一句很簡單，只要注意中文的"有"，在英文上未必是用have/has表達，在這裡要用 there is/are的方式來表達。這裡用現在完成式，表示這種例子已經有很多發生過了。
Under the pretext of being a surgeon he gained entry to the hospital. When interviewed by the director, he had to fabricate a tale of his medical experience, but he was so adroit at lying that he got away with it. It was not until the phony "doctor" began to gesticulate wildly with his scalpel, that a vigilant nurse was able to detect the fraud. In the annals of medical history there have been a number of such cases.
變身博士
他假藉是外科醫生的名義得以進入這家醫院。當他跟院長面談時，他必須編造過去的醫療經驗，但他實在是太精於說謊，因而騙過了院長如願以償進入醫院。一直到這名假醫生開始瘋狂揮舞著手術解剖刀的時候，警覺的護士才發覺這是個騙局。在醫學的歷史記載中，已經有過許多類似這樣的例子存在。
Words
1.pretext 藉口 n.
2.fabricate 偽造，杜撰，製造 v.
3.adroit 靈巧的，熟練的 adj.
4.gesticulate 作手勢 v.
5.vigilant 警戒的，警惕的 adj.
6.surgeon 外科醫生 n.
7.get away with 僥倖成功，逃脫
8.phony 假的 adj.
9.scalpel 解剖刀 n.
10.fraud 騙局 n.
11.annals 歷史記載 n.(Week 1 Day 3)
Today's Idiom
a wet blanket
這是由用濕的毯子來撲滅火源的動作引伸而來的，引申為掃興的人或物。
Grammar 主詞藍色 動詞(片語)咖啡色 受詞綠色 連接詞橘色
- 標頭的 Dr. Jekyll or Mr. Hyde就是一個很重要的人物。這其實是由作家Robert Louis Stevenson 在1886年所出版的一本書The Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde，中文翻譯為化身博士。這本書中主角Jekyll醫生原本是一個善人，但他個性中潛藏的邪惡促使他發明了一種藥水，可以讓人個性轉變身材改變而換成另一種身分而為所欲為。Jekyll醫生喝下藥水之後，搖身一變成為大家討厭的鄙俗男子Hyde。後來Jekyll and Hyde還被引用成為心理學雙重人格的代稱。而這篇文章用Dr. Jykell and Mr. Hyde的目的不是在說雙重人格的故事，而是指假扮成醫生的一場騙局。
在什麼樣的藉口之下這個片語可以用under the pretext of...。 of後面接的要不是名詞，就是將動詞改成Ving的形式。
2. When interviewed by the director, he had to fabricate a tale of his medical experience, but he was so adroit at lying that he got away with it.
第二句原來的複雜形式為when he was interviewed by the director, he had to fabricate a story of his medical experience. 但因為when後面的子句跟主要子句的主詞是同一個人，可以將when後面的這個字句的主詞跟be動詞省略，變成when interviewed by the director。注意這邊的interviewed by the director其實就是被動語態，所以interview用的是 -ed 的模式，而不是 -ing的形式，因為這邊是他被面試，而不是他去面試其他人。have to 這個片語就是必須的意思，後面加原型動詞，這邊因為是過去的事情，所以用過去式had to 。
後面一句 but he was...是將前面的語氣作一個轉折，所以用but這個連接詞。意思就是說他雖然是假造故事來面試，但是實在是太會編了，所以連院長都被騙過去，以為是真的。so...that...的用法跟前面幾篇的文章用法都一樣，是一個非常實用的片語。
be adroit at的意思實際上就是 be good at的意思，凡是介係詞後面的動詞一定是Ving的形式。
lie這個字當做說謊時，動詞變化為 lie,lied, lied, 進行式為lying; 若lie這個字當躺，臥，放置時，動詞變化為lie, lay, lain，進行式一樣為lying。
3.It was not until the phony "doctor" began to gesticulate wildly with his scalpel, that a vigilant nurse was able to detect the fraud.
until跟not until的意思是不同的。until中文翻成直到...; not until中文翻成直到...才...。原句是倒裝句，原來應該可以寫成 a vigilant nurse was not able to detect the fraud until the phony doctor began to gesticulate wildly with his scalpel.。若我們要強調語氣時，就可以使用倒裝句，將 until(連同後面接的動作的句子)拿到句子前面，再加上it is這個虛主詞，原來句子前有 not的就要和until(連同後面的動作的句子)一起拿到句首，所以原來的直述句，就寫成了作者所寫的這個句子。
當until出現時，不論前面是否有not，都表示until前面所做的動作會一直持續到until後面的動作出現為止。以這一句來看，護士沒辦法查覺是騙子的這件事(until前面所做的動作)會一直持續到假醫生亂揮舞解剖刀(until後面的動作)為止，換句話說 就是直到假醫生亂揮舞解剖刀後，護士才發覺這個人是一個大騙子。
4.In the annals of medical history there have been a number of such cases.
最後一句很簡單，只要注意中文的"有"，在英文上未必是用have/has表達，在這裡要用 there is/are的方式來表達。這裡用現在完成式，表示這種例子已經有很多發生過了。
2009年11月17日 星期二
Week 2 Day 2
If I Had the Wings of Angel
Casting a furtive glance over his shoulder, the felon slipped out the main prison gate to be swallowed up in the British fog. A plethora of escapes from the supposedly secure prison embarrassed the hapless warden. To compound their problems, the city officials were badgered by irate citizens who accused the prison guards of accepting bribes from the convicts whose motto was:" Stone walls do not a prison make, nor iron bars a cage."
假如我有天使的翅膀
犯人探出頭偷偷的瞧了瞧，隨即逃離了監獄大門，被大霧所吞沒。理應戒備森嚴的監獄，卻出現多起逃獄事件，讓不幸的典獄長非常窘迫。憤怒的城市居民紛紛叨擾官員，投訴監獄的守衛接受囚犯的賄賂，更加重了問題嚴重性。而這些囚犯的座右銘正好就是:監獄的石牆關不住我，牢籠的鐵欄杆也關不住我。
Words
1. furtive 偷偷的 adj.
2. felon 重罪犯 n.
3. plethora 過多 n.
4. hapless 不幸的 adj.
5. irate 生氣的，憤怒的 adj.
6. warden 典獄長 n.
7. compound 增加，加重 v. (Week 1 Day 3)
8. badger 煩擾，糾纏 v. (Week 1 Day 4)
9. accuse 指控 v.
10. bribe 賄賂 n.
11. convict 囚犯 n.
Today's Idiom
Pyrrhic victory
西元前279年，羅馬軍隊和希臘北部Epirus的國王Pyrrhus率領的大軍在Asculum打仗，這一仗羅馬軍隊敗北，Pyrrhus勝利，但是他卻損失了許多重要的領袖官員及軍隊。Pyrrhus那時說了一句話，他說Another such victory and we are lost，意思就是雖然贏得勝利，但是因為損失很慘重，如果再來一役，必定慘敗。後來Pyrrhic victory就引申為代價相當昂貴的勝利。
Grammar 主詞藍色 動詞(片語)咖啡色 受詞綠色 連接詞橘色
1. Casting a furtive glance over his shoulder, the felon slipped out the main prison gate to be swallowed up in the British fog.
第一句話用V+ing開始，原句應該可以寫成 The felon casted a frutive glance....and he slipped out....。因為兩句的主詞一樣，做這個動作的人就是後面的主詞 the felon，所以前面可以省略主詞而改用V+ing的方式。
2.A plethora of escapes from the supposedly secure prison embarrassed the hapless warden.
a plethora of +N. 表示過多的.... 這邊表示越獄過多使典獄長難堪，而from the suppposedly secure prison則是以介係詞片語來形容escapes ，原句也可以用關係代名詞來表示，寫成 a plethora of escapes that are from.... 把that are省略就變成了這個句子的樣式。 embarrass是指害羞尷尬難堪，跟interest, confuse, bore, surprise, excite等情緒動詞使用方式一樣，若用動詞方式，一定是 something embarrasses someone，某事讓某人難堪。若是人感到難堪，會用someone be embarrassed with/by something 。
3.To compound their problems, the city officials were badgered by irate citizens who accused the prison guards of accepting bribes from the convicts whose motto was:" Stone walls do not a prison make, nor iron bars a cage."
第三句先用不定詞開頭，是什麼造成問題更多呢，就是後面的句子所提到的事情了。the city officials were badgered by irate citizens這句話是標準的被動語態，主詞+ be +p.p. +by ...，因為是在過去發生的，所以用過去式的be動詞。 那又是什麼樣的citizens 呢? 所以用關係代名詞who來形容citizens。也就是居民們控訴守衛收賄，後面的whose則是關係代名詞，代表誰的..。這裡指的是convicts的座右銘，所以用whose motto。後面這句motto則是一個倒裝句，原句應該是Stone walls do not make a prison; iron bars do not make a cage, either. 因為是用詩的形式，句子就可以倒裝，所以前一段話改成 stone walls do not a prison make, 後一段話用nor開頭， 因為形式都是一樣的，所以把動詞直接省略，就寫成了 nor iron bars a cage, 其實就是nor do iron bars make a cage。
Casting a furtive glance over his shoulder, the felon slipped out the main prison gate to be swallowed up in the British fog. A plethora of escapes from the supposedly secure prison embarrassed the hapless warden. To compound their problems, the city officials were badgered by irate citizens who accused the prison guards of accepting bribes from the convicts whose motto was:" Stone walls do not a prison make, nor iron bars a cage."
假如我有天使的翅膀
犯人探出頭偷偷的瞧了瞧，隨即逃離了監獄大門，被大霧所吞沒。理應戒備森嚴的監獄，卻出現多起逃獄事件，讓不幸的典獄長非常窘迫。憤怒的城市居民紛紛叨擾官員，投訴監獄的守衛接受囚犯的賄賂，更加重了問題嚴重性。而這些囚犯的座右銘正好就是:監獄的石牆關不住我，牢籠的鐵欄杆也關不住我。
Words
1. furtive 偷偷的 adj.
2. felon 重罪犯 n.
3. plethora 過多 n.
4. hapless 不幸的 adj.
5. irate 生氣的，憤怒的 adj.
6. warden 典獄長 n.
7. compound 增加，加重 v. (Week 1 Day 3)
8. badger 煩擾，糾纏 v. (Week 1 Day 4)
9. accuse 指控 v.
10. bribe 賄賂 n.
11. convict 囚犯 n.
Today's Idiom
Pyrrhic victory
西元前279年，羅馬軍隊和希臘北部Epirus的國王Pyrrhus率領的大軍在Asculum打仗，這一仗羅馬軍隊敗北，Pyrrhus勝利，但是他卻損失了許多重要的領袖官員及軍隊。Pyrrhus那時說了一句話，他說Another such victory and we are lost，意思就是雖然贏得勝利，但是因為損失很慘重，如果再來一役，必定慘敗。後來Pyrrhic victory就引申為代價相當昂貴的勝利。
Grammar 主詞藍色 動詞(片語)咖啡色 受詞綠色 連接詞橘色
1. Casting a furtive glance over his shoulder, the felon slipped out the main prison gate to be swallowed up in the British fog.
第一句話用V+ing開始，原句應該可以寫成 The felon casted a frutive glance....and he slipped out....。因為兩句的主詞一樣，做這個動作的人就是後面的主詞 the felon，所以前面可以省略主詞而改用V+ing的方式。
2.A plethora of escapes from the supposedly secure prison embarrassed the hapless warden.
a plethora of +N. 表示過多的.... 這邊表示越獄過多使典獄長難堪，而from the suppposedly secure prison則是以介係詞片語來形容escapes ，原句也可以用關係代名詞來表示，寫成 a plethora of escapes that are from.... 把that are省略就變成了這個句子的樣式。 embarrass是指害羞尷尬難堪，跟interest, confuse, bore, surprise, excite等情緒動詞使用方式一樣，若用動詞方式，一定是 something embarrasses someone，某事讓某人難堪。若是人感到難堪，會用someone be embarrassed with/by something 。
3.To compound their problems, the city officials were badgered by irate citizens who accused the prison guards of accepting bribes from the convicts whose motto was:" Stone walls do not a prison make, nor iron bars a cage."
第三句先用不定詞開頭，是什麼造成問題更多呢，就是後面的句子所提到的事情了。the city officials were badgered by irate citizens這句話是標準的被動語態，主詞+ be +p.p. +by ...，因為是在過去發生的，所以用過去式的be動詞。 那又是什麼樣的citizens 呢? 所以用關係代名詞who來形容citizens。也就是居民們控訴守衛收賄，後面的whose則是關係代名詞，代表誰的..。這裡指的是convicts的座右銘，所以用whose motto。後面這句motto則是一個倒裝句，原句應該是Stone walls do not make a prison; iron bars do not make a cage, either. 因為是用詩的形式，句子就可以倒裝，所以前一段話改成 stone walls do not a prison make, 後一段話用nor開頭， 因為形式都是一樣的，所以把動詞直接省略，就寫成了 nor iron bars a cage, 其實就是nor do iron bars make a cage。
2009年11月16日 星期一
Week 2 Day 1
To the Point
Calvin Coolidge, our thirtieth president, was named "silent cal" by reporters because of his laconic speech.One Sunday, after Mr. Coolidge had listened to an interminable sermon, a throng of reporters gathered around the Chief Executive.One intrepid reporter accosted him:"Mr. President, we know the sermon is on the topic of sin, what did the minister say?" "He was against it, " the reticent Coolidge replied.
簡潔扼要
因為他簡潔的言論，美國記者們給他們第十三任總統Calvin Coolidge取個沉默凱爾的綽號。某一個星期天，在Coolidge先生聽完一個永無止盡的佈道後，一群記者聚集在總統身旁。其中一個很勇敢的記者接近總統並發問:"總統先生，我們知道這次的佈道主題是關於罪惡，請問牧師怎麼闡述?"沉默的Coolidge回答說:"他反對罪惡"。
Words
1. laconic 簡潔的 adj.
2. throng 大群 n.
3. interpid 勇敢的 adj.
4. accost 接近與之攀談 v.
5. reticent 無言的，沉默的 adj.
6. to the point 扼要
7. interminable 永無止境的 adj. (Week 1 Day 4)
8. sermon 佈道 n.
9. Chief Executive 總統 n.
10. minister 牧師 n.
Today's Idiom
The sword of Damocles
這個片語源自於希臘傳說。Damocles是Syracuse的國王Dionysius的弄臣。Damocles曾向Dionysius阿諛的表示，能當像Dionysius這樣的國王實在是太美好了。國王被Damocles的阿諛給惹煩了，決定給Damocles一點教訓。國王為了Damocles舉辦了一場酒宴，要讓他盡情享受，可是當Damocles看到他的位置上方掛著一把只用一根馬毛懸掛的劍，就正好在他的頭正上方，Damocles的興致盡失，Damocles這才曉得原來像國王這樣可以享受一切的人，其實也是面臨著恐懼和威脅。後來這個片語就引申成為迫近的危險。
Grammar 主詞藍色 動詞(片語)咖啡色 受詞綠色 連接詞橘色
1. Calvin Coolidge, our thirtieth president, was named "silent cal" by reporters because of his laconic speech.
第一句當中的Calvin Coolidge就是故事的主角，也是主詞，用兩個逗號所夾的名詞片語來說明他是誰，他就是美國第十三任總統。這裡用到被動語態的基本句型: 主詞 + be + p.p.+by +someone
被誰取暱稱會用被動語態，所以用was named by reporters ，取名叫做silent cal 就當named後面的受詞。後面還說明原因，用because of這個片語時，跟because的差異就在於 because of +名詞， because + 子句。
2.One Sunday, after Mr. Coolidge had listened to an interminable sermon, a throng of reporters gathered around the Chief Executive.
第二句開頭先說明時間，然後再用after這個連接詞來表達事情發生的狀況。had listened to 用過去完成式來表達，表示整個故事都是在過去的時間所發生的，而在過去那段時間中，Coolidge已經聽完一場佈道，所以用過去完成式。也就是聽佈道這件事，在過去某個時間已經完成，而整個故事是過去式表達，所以用過去完成式。
3.One intrepid reporter accosted him:"Mr. President, we know the sermon is on the topic of sin, what did the minister say?" "He was against it, " the reticent Coolidge replied.
第三句利用對話的方式完成，使用了引號(quotation mark)(" ")。當在寫引號中的句子時，就視同一般的普通句子來寫，也就是怎麼說就怎麼寫，不需要改變主詞動詞等等的位置。
Calvin Coolidge, our thirtieth president, was named "silent cal" by reporters because of his laconic speech.One Sunday, after Mr. Coolidge had listened to an interminable sermon, a throng of reporters gathered around the Chief Executive.One intrepid reporter accosted him:"Mr. President, we know the sermon is on the topic of sin, what did the minister say?" "He was against it, " the reticent Coolidge replied.
簡潔扼要
因為他簡潔的言論，美國記者們給他們第十三任總統Calvin Coolidge取個沉默凱爾的綽號。某一個星期天，在Coolidge先生聽完一個永無止盡的佈道後，一群記者聚集在總統身旁。其中一個很勇敢的記者接近總統並發問:"總統先生，我們知道這次的佈道主題是關於罪惡，請問牧師怎麼闡述?"沉默的Coolidge回答說:"他反對罪惡"。
Words
1. laconic 簡潔的 adj.
2. throng 大群 n.
3. interpid 勇敢的 adj.
4. accost 接近與之攀談 v.
5. reticent 無言的，沉默的 adj.
6. to the point 扼要
7. interminable 永無止境的 adj. (Week 1 Day 4)
8. sermon 佈道 n.
9. Chief Executive 總統 n.
10. minister 牧師 n.
Today's Idiom
The sword of Damocles
這個片語源自於希臘傳說。Damocles是Syracuse的國王Dionysius的弄臣。Damocles曾向Dionysius阿諛的表示，能當像Dionysius這樣的國王實在是太美好了。國王被Damocles的阿諛給惹煩了，決定給Damocles一點教訓。國王為了Damocles舉辦了一場酒宴，要讓他盡情享受，可是當Damocles看到他的位置上方掛著一把只用一根馬毛懸掛的劍，就正好在他的頭正上方，Damocles的興致盡失，Damocles這才曉得原來像國王這樣可以享受一切的人，其實也是面臨著恐懼和威脅。後來這個片語就引申成為迫近的危險。
Grammar 主詞藍色 動詞(片語)咖啡色 受詞綠色 連接詞橘色
1. Calvin Coolidge, our thirtieth president, was named "silent cal" by reporters because of his laconic speech.
第一句當中的Calvin Coolidge就是故事的主角，也是主詞，用兩個逗號所夾的名詞片語來說明他是誰，他就是美國第十三任總統。這裡用到被動語態的基本句型: 主詞 + be + p.p.+by +someone
被誰取暱稱會用被動語態，所以用was named by reporters ，取名叫做silent cal 就當named後面的受詞。後面還說明原因，用because of這個片語時，跟because的差異就在於 because of +名詞， because + 子句。
2.One Sunday, after Mr. Coolidge had listened to an interminable sermon, a throng of reporters gathered around the Chief Executive.
第二句開頭先說明時間，然後再用after這個連接詞來表達事情發生的狀況。had listened to 用過去完成式來表達，表示整個故事都是在過去的時間所發生的，而在過去那段時間中，Coolidge已經聽完一場佈道，所以用過去完成式。也就是聽佈道這件事，在過去某個時間已經完成，而整個故事是過去式表達，所以用過去完成式。
3.One intrepid reporter accosted him:"Mr. President, we know the sermon is on the topic of sin, what did the minister say?" "He was against it, " the reticent Coolidge replied.
第三句利用對話的方式完成，使用了引號(quotation mark)(" ")。當在寫引號中的句子時，就視同一般的普通句子來寫，也就是怎麼說就怎麼寫，不需要改變主詞動詞等等的位置。
2009年11月13日 星期五
Week 1 Day 5
Reggie the Con Man
In the annals of crime, there are few scoundrels who could match the exploits of Reggie Hayes, who also used the names of Reginald Haven, Ricardo Hermosa, Father Harris, and dozens of other aliases. Reggie’s police record, principally in Chicago and Baltimore, is replete with scams that he perpetrated upon gullible people. Generally, his favorite target was a matron who should have known better.
Words
1. con man詐欺的騙子 n.
2. scoundrels 壞蛋，惡棍 n.
3. exploit 功績，成就 n.
4. alias 化名，別名 n.
5. scam 陰謀，騙局 n.
6. perpetrate 做(壞事)，犯(罪) v.
7. gullible 易受騙的 adj.
Dressed as a priest(“Father Harris”), he was most convincing, however. His method of operation was to “find” a wallet stuffed with hundred dollar bills outside a supermarket and then implored an unsuspecting woman to share his good fortune, since there was no identification in the wallet. But first, to establish her credibility, his victim had to put up a sum of money as a testimonial to her good faith. Mrs. Emma Schultz, age 72, tearfully told the police that she had withdrawn $14,000 from her bank and placed it in a shopping bag supplied by the helping priest. He told her to hold onto the bag while hw went next door to a lawyer’s office to make the sharing of their good fortune legal.
Words
1. convincing 使人信服的 adj.
2. unsuspecting 不懷疑的 adj.
3. identification 身分證明 n.
4. credibility 可信性 n.
5. testimonial 證明 n.
6. legal 合法的 adj.
After a seemingly interminable wait, Mrs. Schultz discovered to her chagrin that the heartless thief had skipped out the back way, leaving her “holding the bag” –a switched bag containing shredded newspaper –while he made his getaway with her life savings.
Words
1. chagrin 懊悔 n.
2. leave holding the bag
用在idiom上是指拋棄某人，迫使某人承擔責任或是承擔罪過，這裡純粹 就是指讓他拿著這個袋子
3. shredded 切碎的 adj.
4. getaway 逃走 n.
In the annals of crime, there are few scoundrels who could match the exploits of Reggie Hayes, who also used the names of Reginald Haven, Ricardo Hermosa, Father Harris, and dozens of other aliases. Reggie’s police record, principally in Chicago and Baltimore, is replete with scams that he perpetrated upon gullible people. Generally, his favorite target was a matron who should have known better.
Words
1. con man詐欺的騙子 n.
2. scoundrels 壞蛋，惡棍 n.
3. exploit 功績，成就 n.
4. alias 化名，別名 n.
5. scam 陰謀，騙局 n.
6. perpetrate 做(壞事)，犯(罪) v.
7. gullible 易受騙的 adj.
Dressed as a priest(“Father Harris”), he was most convincing, however. His method of operation was to “find” a wallet stuffed with hundred dollar bills outside a supermarket and then implored an unsuspecting woman to share his good fortune, since there was no identification in the wallet. But first, to establish her credibility, his victim had to put up a sum of money as a testimonial to her good faith. Mrs. Emma Schultz, age 72, tearfully told the police that she had withdrawn $14,000 from her bank and placed it in a shopping bag supplied by the helping priest. He told her to hold onto the bag while hw went next door to a lawyer’s office to make the sharing of their good fortune legal.
Words
1. convincing 使人信服的 adj.
2. unsuspecting 不懷疑的 adj.
3. identification 身分證明 n.
4. credibility 可信性 n.
5. testimonial 證明 n.
6. legal 合法的 adj.
After a seemingly interminable wait, Mrs. Schultz discovered to her chagrin that the heartless thief had skipped out the back way, leaving her “holding the bag” –a switched bag containing shredded newspaper –while he made his getaway with her life savings.
Words
1. chagrin 懊悔 n.
2. leave holding the bag
用在idiom上是指拋棄某人，迫使某人承擔責任或是承擔罪過，這裡純粹 就是指讓他拿著這個袋子
3. shredded 切碎的 adj.
4. getaway 逃走 n.
2009年11月12日 星期四
Week 1 Day 4
How Not to Get Your Way
It is difficult to change someone's opinion by badgering him. The child who begs his mother to "get off his back'' when she implores him for some assistance with the household drudgery, may very well plead interminably for some special privilege when he wants something for himself. How paradoxical that neither is able to perceive that no one likes being nagged.
如何讓你無法為所欲為
想要以糾纏人的方式來改變別人的意見是很困難的。小孩子總是在媽媽要求他做些家事時會請求媽媽不要再煩他了，但是一旦當他想要什麼東西的時候，卻會永無止境的懇求。雙方都不知道沒有人喜歡一直被騷擾糾纏，這實在是太矛盾了!
Words
1.badger 困擾糾纏v.
同義字 pester, nag
2.implore 懇求 乞求v.
同義字 plead, beg
如果要表達懇求什麼東西時，用implore for這個介係詞
EX:The prisoner implored the king for mercy.
3.drudgery 苦工，單調沉悶的工作n.
同義字 labor, toll
4.interminable 沒完沒了的,無止盡的adj.
同義字 endless, unending
5.perceive 察覺，意識到，理解v.
6.get one's way 讓別人聽從你的話作事
7.get off one's back 不再打擾某人
8.privilege特權 n.
Today's Idiom
To pour oil on troubled waters
這個片語是一種儀式，古代面對波濤洶湧的大海時，為了讓海平靜，會將油倒入海中，祈禱可以風平浪靜，因此這句片語就引申為讓人或事物可以安靜平靜下來。
Grammars 主詞藍色 動詞(片語)咖啡色 受詞綠色 連結詞橘色
1.It is difficult to change someone's opinion by badgering him.
用 it is +adj. + to 原型動詞 ...表示做動詞的那件事是很 前面的形容詞。這邊的by其實就是by the way of 藉由什麼的方式，介係詞後面的動詞一定是用Ving的形式。
2.The child who begs his mother to "get off his back'' when she implores him for some assistance with the household drudgery, may very well plead interminably for some special privilege when he wants something for himself.
原來的單純句子就是the child may plead for ...when he wants....。當小孩要什麼東西的時候就會永無止盡的乞求。在the child後面用關係代名詞who來形容這樣的小孩，卻在媽媽要求他做家事時會覺得反感，希望媽媽快走開。將兩句合併就是所看到的句子，兩個狀況可以直接用一個句子解決。
3.How paradoxical that neither is able to perceive that no one likes being nagged.
how + adj.+that...的用法跟昨天解釋一樣。 neither這個字是兩者都不，這邊是代名詞，表示媽媽跟小孩都不希望被嘮叨。另一個字either則是兩者當中有一個是。
It is difficult to change someone's opinion by badgering him. The child who begs his mother to "get off his back'' when she implores him for some assistance with the household drudgery, may very well plead interminably for some special privilege when he wants something for himself. How paradoxical that neither is able to perceive that no one likes being nagged.
如何讓你無法為所欲為
想要以糾纏人的方式來改變別人的意見是很困難的。小孩子總是在媽媽要求他做些家事時會請求媽媽不要再煩他了，但是一旦當他想要什麼東西的時候，卻會永無止境的懇求。雙方都不知道沒有人喜歡一直被騷擾糾纏，這實在是太矛盾了!
Words
1.badger 困擾糾纏v.
同義字 pester, nag
2.implore 懇求 乞求v.
同義字 plead, beg
如果要表達懇求什麼東西時，用implore for這個介係詞
EX:The prisoner implored the king for mercy.
3.drudgery 苦工，單調沉悶的工作n.
同義字 labor, toll
4.interminable 沒完沒了的,無止盡的adj.
同義字 endless, unending
5.perceive 察覺，意識到，理解v.
6.get one's way 讓別人聽從你的話作事
7.get off one's back 不再打擾某人
8.privilege特權 n.
Today's Idiom
To pour oil on troubled waters
這個片語是一種儀式，古代面對波濤洶湧的大海時，為了讓海平靜，會將油倒入海中，祈禱可以風平浪靜，因此這句片語就引申為讓人或事物可以安靜平靜下來。
Grammars 主詞藍色 動詞(片語)咖啡色 受詞綠色 連結詞橘色
1.It is difficult to change someone's opinion by badgering him.
用 it is +adj. + to 原型動詞 ...表示做動詞的那件事是很 前面的形容詞。這邊的by其實就是by the way of 藉由什麼的方式，介係詞後面的動詞一定是用Ving的形式。
2.The child who begs his mother to "get off his back'' when she implores him for some assistance with the household drudgery, may very well plead interminably for some special privilege when he wants something for himself.
原來的單純句子就是the child may plead for ...when he wants....。當小孩要什麼東西的時候就會永無止盡的乞求。在the child後面用關係代名詞who來形容這樣的小孩，卻在媽媽要求他做家事時會覺得反感，希望媽媽快走開。將兩句合併就是所看到的句子，兩個狀況可以直接用一個句子解決。
3.How paradoxical that neither is able to perceive that no one likes being nagged.
how + adj.+that...的用法跟昨天解釋一樣。 neither這個字是兩者都不，這邊是代名詞，表示媽媽跟小孩都不希望被嘮叨。另一個字either則是兩者當中有一個是。
2009年11月11日 星期三
Week 1 Day 3
It's a Man's World
How paradoxical that the world's greatest chefs have all been men! Cooking would clearly seem to be a field which lies exclusively within women's realm, yet the annals of cookery are replete with masculine names: Brillat Savarin, Ritz, Diat, Larousse. To compound the puzzle, there has rarely been a tinge of rumor or scandal casting doubts on the masculinity of these heroes of cuisine.
這是男人的世界
這是多麼自相矛盾的事阿:全世界最好的廚師居然都是男人!煮飯這件事，應該很明確的就是單獨屬於女人領域的事情，然而烹飪史上的紀錄中不論Brillat Savarin, Ritz, Diat, Larousse都是男性的名字。更讓人困惑的是，居然鮮少有任何的傳聞或是流言懷疑這些男性烹飪英雄的正當性。
Words
1. paradox 自相矛盾的議論 n.
2. realm 領土，領域 n.
3.annals 歷史記載 n.
這個字在當歷史紀錄時，一定有s在字尾
4.compound 增加，加重 v.
5.tinge 一絲，一點 n.
a tinge of 表示一點點，一絲絲
Today's Idiom
a flash in the pan
flash是指火光的一閃，pan在這裡是指lockpan就是手槍的槍機。在十七世紀時，當時所使用的一種槍械，當它發射的時候，必須點燃槍機內膛中的火藥。若不幸沒有點燃火藥，子彈就無法順利射擊，而變成槍機中的火光，flash in the pan，所以用來意指剛開始覺得大有可為但最後卻失敗，讓人失望的事。
Grammars 主詞藍色 動詞(片語)咖啡色 受詞綠色
1.How paradoxical that the world's greatest chefs have all been men!
在表達驚嘆語氣時，常會用how+adj. +主詞+動詞 來表示
例如 How brave you are!你真是太勇敢了! 若跟You are brave!來比較，在這裡，前者顯然是加重稱讚的語氣。這裡也運用相同的方式，只不過把後面改成以that+子句的方式來表達，也就是that後面所說的東西(the world's greatest chefs have all been men)，是多麼的前面的形容詞(paradoxical)。
paradox這個字的涵義，就是看起來你覺得沒有錯，但是想想好像又有哪裡不是很合理，有點似是而非的狀況，都可以用這個字表達，所以這個字也是涵意深遠，不太容易理解。
that後面用了一個現在完成式，表示從以前到現在為止，有名的大廚都是男人。
2.Cooking would clearly seem to be a field which lies exclusively within women's realm, yet the annals of cookery are replete with masculine names: Brillat Savarin, Ritz, Diat, Larousse.
主要句子cooking...中seem to 的片語用法為 "事情 seem to + 原型動詞" which後面的句子是用來形容field的。然後用yet表達轉折的語氣，可是，然而。yet是連接詞，所以後面也帶出一個完整的句子 replete with這個片語就是前面Week 1 Day 1所學過的，後面的文章都會出現前面學過的字，就是這本書最大的特點。
3.To compound the puzzle, there has rarely been a tinge of rumor or scandal casting doubts on the masculinity of these heroes of cuisine.
to + 原型動詞這樣的句型，有的時候有in order to (為了)的意思，這裡就有致使的意味存在。
there is(有)用現在完成式表達，表示從以前到現在都鮮少有任何一點點的話語。後面用Ving的形式來表達 其實就是 that casts doubts on.... 把關係代名詞that省略後，動詞要用Ving的形式。
文章中用了cooking, cookery, cuisine其實都是煮菜烹飪，但是用字就變化多了。
How paradoxical that the world's greatest chefs have all been men! Cooking would clearly seem to be a field which lies exclusively within women's realm, yet the annals of cookery are replete with masculine names: Brillat Savarin, Ritz, Diat, Larousse. To compound the puzzle, there has rarely been a tinge of rumor or scandal casting doubts on the masculinity of these heroes of cuisine.
這是男人的世界
這是多麼自相矛盾的事阿:全世界最好的廚師居然都是男人!煮飯這件事，應該很明確的就是單獨屬於女人領域的事情，然而烹飪史上的紀錄中不論Brillat Savarin, Ritz, Diat, Larousse都是男性的名字。更讓人困惑的是，居然鮮少有任何的傳聞或是流言懷疑這些男性烹飪英雄的正當性。
Words
1. paradox 自相矛盾的議論 n.
2. realm 領土，領域 n.
3.annals 歷史記載 n.
這個字在當歷史紀錄時，一定有s在字尾
4.compound 增加，加重 v.
5.tinge 一絲，一點 n.
a tinge of 表示一點點，一絲絲
Today's Idiom
a flash in the pan
flash是指火光的一閃，pan在這裡是指lockpan就是手槍的槍機。在十七世紀時，當時所使用的一種槍械，當它發射的時候，必須點燃槍機內膛中的火藥。若不幸沒有點燃火藥，子彈就無法順利射擊，而變成槍機中的火光，flash in the pan，所以用來意指剛開始覺得大有可為但最後卻失敗，讓人失望的事。
Grammars 主詞藍色 動詞(片語)咖啡色 受詞綠色
1.How paradoxical that the world's greatest chefs have all been men!
在表達驚嘆語氣時，常會用how+adj. +主詞+動詞 來表示
例如 How brave you are!你真是太勇敢了! 若跟You are brave!來比較，在這裡，前者顯然是加重稱讚的語氣。這裡也運用相同的方式，只不過把後面改成以that+子句的方式來表達，也就是that後面所說的東西(the world's greatest chefs have all been men)，是多麼的前面的形容詞(paradoxical)。
paradox這個字的涵義，就是看起來你覺得沒有錯，但是想想好像又有哪裡不是很合理，有點似是而非的狀況，都可以用這個字表達，所以這個字也是涵意深遠，不太容易理解。
that後面用了一個現在完成式，表示從以前到現在為止，有名的大廚都是男人。
2.Cooking would clearly seem to be a field which lies exclusively within women's realm, yet the annals of cookery are replete with masculine names: Brillat Savarin, Ritz, Diat, Larousse.
主要句子cooking...中seem to 的片語用法為 "事情 seem to + 原型動詞" which後面的句子是用來形容field的。然後用yet表達轉折的語氣，可是，然而。yet是連接詞，所以後面也帶出一個完整的句子 replete with這個片語就是前面Week 1 Day 1所學過的，後面的文章都會出現前面學過的字，就是這本書最大的特點。
3.To compound the puzzle, there has rarely been a tinge of rumor or scandal casting doubts on the masculinity of these heroes of cuisine.
to + 原型動詞這樣的句型，有的時候有in order to (為了)的意思，這裡就有致使的意味存在。
there is(有)用現在完成式表達，表示從以前到現在都鮮少有任何一點點的話語。後面用Ving的形式來表達 其實就是 that casts doubts on.... 把關係代名詞that省略後，動詞要用Ving的形式。
文章中用了cooking, cookery, cuisine其實都是煮菜烹飪，但是用字就變化多了。
2009年11月10日 星期二
Week 1 Day 2
Solving the Servant Problem
The worlds of science-fiction abound with wonders. Yet modern technology progress so rapidly that what may be today's wild dream may be next year's kitchen appliance. A British scientist has prognosticated that within ten years every suburban matron will have her own robot servant. One task this domesticated automaton will not have to content with will be scouring the oven because even today the newest ranges can be ``programmed'' to reduce their own baked-on grime to easily disposed of ashes.
解決佣人的問題
全世界的科幻片總是充滿了驚奇，然而現代科技的進展如此的快速，將使得今天的狂亂幻想變成下依年度的廚房設備。一位英國科學家預測在十年內，每個住在郊區的家庭主婦都會擁有一個機器僕人。這個家庭用機器人唯一不能滿足的就是清理爐具，因為即使今日最新的爐具產品也已經設計成能自行清理本身所產生的污垢，可以很容易的揮別灰塵。
Words
1. abound 大量存在 v.
同義字 teem，swarm
當在使用「大量充滿 something 」的片語時，可以用abound with
Ex: The river abounds with fish.
2.technology 科技 n.
3.prognosticate 預知 v.
4.automaton 機器人 n.
5.matron 已婚婦女 n.
6.scour 擦洗v.
7.grime 塵垢，汙點 n.
Today’s Idiom
a pig in a poke
poke的意思是袋子，不過現在只有美國南方才會使用，a pig in a poke就是指裝在袋子裡的豬。這個片語是從中世紀的晚期，市集通常是幾週才開市一次，商人農夫們都會在市集中以物易物。要交換的物品或牲畜就會裝在袋子裡，如果沒有仔細檢查袋子中的東西就換貨，可能回到家中才發現原來以為是換到價值不斐的小豬，卻變成了一文不值的小貓。所以引申為買了沒有事前先看過的東西，或者就直接變成讓人失望的東西。
Grammar 主詞藍色 動詞(片語)咖啡色 受詞綠色
1. The worlds of science-fiction abound with wonders.
第一句相當簡單。abound 這個字是動詞，當我們說什麼東西有很多什麼的時候，就用abounds with這個動詞片語。wonders這個字當名詞時，當作驚奇或奇觀，所以七大奇觀就用seven wonders來表示。
2.Yet modern technology progress so rapidly that what may be today's wild dream may be next year's kitchen appliance.
第二句話則是敘述科技的進展所帶來的進步。然後再運用so...that...的句型，如此...以至於...的方式。that後面帶出一個子句(子句其實就是一個有主詞動詞的完整句子受詞可有可無)that後面句子由what帶出主詞，關係代名詞what其實就是等於the things which... may be兩個字分開時就是住動詞加動詞，maybe合起來變成副詞，也許的意思。
3.A British scientist has prognosticated that within ten years every suburban matron will have her own robot servant.
第三句開頭則是用現在完成式，受詞變成that後面所帶的子句。has prognasticated意味這名科學家已經預測過的事情。within ten years表示在十年內，也許是一年，也許兩年，總之不會超過十年。作者運用suburban matron表示說就算在鄉村郊區的老婦女都會有自己的機器佣人，表示機器人在十年內會相當的普及。
4.One task this domesticated automaton will not have to content with will be scouring the oven because even today the newest ranges can be ``programmed'' to reduce their own baked-on grime to easily disposed of ashes.
第四句稍微長了點，one task will be scouring the oven，為了形容是什麼樣的task，用關係代名詞來當形容詞，原來的句子應該是one task that this domesticated automaton... 因為在這邊that可以省略，所以看不到that這個關係代名詞。也就是這個任務就是清理爐具。而這個任務是未來的家庭用機器人的功能所不能滿足的。為什麼呢?再用一個連結詞because來說明原因。才知道原來今日的爐具已經有這種自動清洗的功能，所以不用勞駕機器佣人來清理了。
The worlds of science-fiction abound with wonders. Yet modern technology progress so rapidly that what may be today's wild dream may be next year's kitchen appliance. A British scientist has prognosticated that within ten years every suburban matron will have her own robot servant. One task this domesticated automaton will not have to content with will be scouring the oven because even today the newest ranges can be ``programmed'' to reduce their own baked-on grime to easily disposed of ashes.
解決佣人的問題
全世界的科幻片總是充滿了驚奇，然而現代科技的進展如此的快速，將使得今天的狂亂幻想變成下依年度的廚房設備。一位英國科學家預測在十年內，每個住在郊區的家庭主婦都會擁有一個機器僕人。這個家庭用機器人唯一不能滿足的就是清理爐具，因為即使今日最新的爐具產品也已經設計成能自行清理本身所產生的污垢，可以很容易的揮別灰塵。
Words
1. abound 大量存在 v.
同義字 teem，swarm
當在使用「大量充滿 something 」的片語時，可以用abound with
Ex: The river abounds with fish.
2.technology 科技 n.
3.prognosticate 預知 v.
4.automaton 機器人 n.
5.matron 已婚婦女 n.
6.scour 擦洗v.
7.grime 塵垢，汙點 n.
Today’s Idiom
a pig in a poke
poke的意思是袋子，不過現在只有美國南方才會使用，a pig in a poke就是指裝在袋子裡的豬。這個片語是從中世紀的晚期，市集通常是幾週才開市一次，商人農夫們都會在市集中以物易物。要交換的物品或牲畜就會裝在袋子裡，如果沒有仔細檢查袋子中的東西就換貨，可能回到家中才發現原來以為是換到價值不斐的小豬，卻變成了一文不值的小貓。所以引申為買了沒有事前先看過的東西，或者就直接變成讓人失望的東西。
Grammar 主詞藍色 動詞(片語)咖啡色 受詞綠色
1. The worlds of science-fiction abound with wonders.
第一句相當簡單。abound 這個字是動詞，當我們說什麼東西有很多什麼的時候，就用abounds with這個動詞片語。wonders這個字當名詞時，當作驚奇或奇觀，所以七大奇觀就用seven wonders來表示。
2.Yet modern technology progress so rapidly that what may be today's wild dream may be next year's kitchen appliance.
第二句話則是敘述科技的進展所帶來的進步。然後再運用so...that...的句型，如此...以至於...的方式。that後面帶出一個子句(子句其實就是一個有主詞動詞的完整句子受詞可有可無)that後面句子由what帶出主詞，關係代名詞what其實就是等於the things which... may be兩個字分開時就是住動詞加動詞，maybe合起來變成副詞，也許的意思。
3.A British scientist has prognosticated that within ten years every suburban matron will have her own robot servant.
第三句開頭則是用現在完成式，受詞變成that後面所帶的子句。has prognasticated意味這名科學家已經預測過的事情。within ten years表示在十年內，也許是一年，也許兩年，總之不會超過十年。作者運用suburban matron表示說就算在鄉村郊區的老婦女都會有自己的機器佣人，表示機器人在十年內會相當的普及。
4.One task this domesticated automaton will not have to content with will be scouring the oven because even today the newest ranges can be ``programmed'' to reduce their own baked-on grime to easily disposed of ashes.
第四句稍微長了點，one task will be scouring the oven，為了形容是什麼樣的task，用關係代名詞來當形容詞，原來的句子應該是one task that this domesticated automaton... 因為在這邊that可以省略，所以看不到that這個關係代名詞。也就是這個任務就是清理爐具。而這個任務是未來的家庭用機器人的功能所不能滿足的。為什麼呢?再用一個連結詞because來說明原因。才知道原來今日的爐具已經有這種自動清洗的功能，所以不用勞駕機器佣人來清理了。
2009年11月9日 星期一
Week 1 Day 1
Reading Wisely
The youngster who reads voraciously, though indiscriminately, does not necessarily gain in wisdom over the teenager who is more selective in his reading choices. A young man who has read the life story of every eminent athlete of the twentieth century, or a coed who has steeped herself in every social-protest novel she can get her hands on, may very well be learning all there is to know in a very limited area. But books are replete with so many wonders that it is often discouraging to see bright young people limit their own experiences.
有智慧的閱讀
任意地大量廣泛閱讀書籍的年輕人並不一定比對閱讀領域有選擇性的青少年增加更多智慧。對於仔細閱讀過二十世紀所有傑出運動員生平故事的年輕人或是沉浸於每一本到手的社會運動小說的女生而言，在這些特定的領域中或許可以習得所有該領域的知識。然而不同書籍中充滿了各式的驚奇，因此，看到聰穎的年輕人將自己的閱讀經驗侷限在某個領域中實在是令人沮喪的。
Words
1. voracious 貪婪的，狼吞虎嚥的。adj.
同義字 gluttonous, rapacious, ravenous
所以 voracious reader就是指對閱讀很有興趣，想要將所有書籍都讀完，對書籍永遠有無法滿足胃口的讀者
2. indiscriminate 無差別的，任意的。adj.
同義字 unselective， random
這個字是從discriminate”歧視”來的 加上in表示無歧視的，引申變成對事物沒有特定的偏好，沒有特定的選擇性
3. eminent 出眾的,卓越的。adj.
同義字 outstanding， noted ，distinguished，famous
4. steeped 沈浸在...中的；充滿...的。adj.
同義字 soaked， drenched， saturated
當我們說「沉浸於…」時，會用「steeped （oneself） in something」這樣的用法
Ex: Professor Smith is steeped in surface physics.
5. replete 充滿的,裝滿的。adj.
同義字abundantly supplied
當我們說「充滿…」會用 「be replete with something」
Ex: My home is replete with every modern convenience.
Today’s Idiom
To eat humble pie—承認錯誤並且道歉
humble pie 原本是 umble pie，是一種用牲畜內臟所做成的派，美國人不吃內臟，對美國人來說是難吃噁心的，所以引申出來變成很羞愧的承認錯誤。另一個相同的用法是 to eat crow, to eat dirt
Grammar
1. The youngster who reads voraciously, though indiscriminately, does not necessarily gain in wisdom over the teenager who is more selective in his reading choices.
原來的句子應該是the youngster does not necessarily gain in wisdom over the teenager. 主詞是the youngster 動詞是gain in wisdom over受詞是teenager 。接著再用關係代名詞 who….來分別形容the youngster 和 the teenager。所以是什麼樣的youngster呢？就是後面who 所帶出來的 who reads voraciously, though indiscriminately。大量閱讀但是去強調“並沒有刻意挑選內容”所以用though indiscriminately來補充說明。同理 the teenager 是怎麼樣的teenager呢? 也是用who is more selective in his reading choices來形容。這裡的youngster和teenager其實都是年輕人，只是用不同的字來讓文章更豐富而不至於太過於重複。英文句子中很容易把一句簡單的句子插入各式各樣的形容詞，一方面是增加句子精彩度，二方面也是讓句子可以講一句就完結，不需要花太多句子來描述。第一句主要表示廣泛沒選擇的唸書是怎麼樣的情形。
2. A young man who has read the life story of every eminent athlete of the twentieth century, or a coed who has steeped herself in every social-protest novel she can get her hands on, may very well be learning all there is to know in a very limited area.
第二句也是落落長，但其實就是 a young man 和a coed是主詞，跟第一句一樣，用關係代名詞who 來形容是怎麼樣的 a young man 和怎麼樣的a coed(男女同校的女生)，一男一女的描述來代表在專業領域中唸書的人有什麼樣的情形。all there is to know就代表learning的受詞，學得所有該知道的東西，in a very limited area, 就是副詞，代表在有限制範圍的領域內所有該知道的東西都知道了。
3. But books are replete with so many wonders that it is often discouraging to see bright young people limit their own experiences.
第三句則說，books are replete with …. books是主詞，are replete with則是動詞片語， many wonders 是受詞，然後運用so…that…的片語來表達如此的…以致於…。that後面再加上it虛主詞開始的子句。it is often discouraging to see …，則運用了it is + adj. + to 原型動詞的方式來表達。
The youngster who reads voraciously, though indiscriminately, does not necessarily gain in wisdom over the teenager who is more selective in his reading choices. A young man who has read the life story of every eminent athlete of the twentieth century, or a coed who has steeped herself in every social-protest novel she can get her hands on, may very well be learning all there is to know in a very limited area. But books are replete with so many wonders that it is often discouraging to see bright young people limit their own experiences.
有智慧的閱讀
任意地大量廣泛閱讀書籍的年輕人並不一定比對閱讀領域有選擇性的青少年增加更多智慧。對於仔細閱讀過二十世紀所有傑出運動員生平故事的年輕人或是沉浸於每一本到手的社會運動小說的女生而言，在這些特定的領域中或許可以習得所有該領域的知識。然而不同書籍中充滿了各式的驚奇，因此，看到聰穎的年輕人將自己的閱讀經驗侷限在某個領域中實在是令人沮喪的。
Words
1. voracious 貪婪的，狼吞虎嚥的。adj.
同義字 gluttonous, rapacious, ravenous
所以 voracious reader就是指對閱讀很有興趣，想要將所有書籍都讀完，對書籍永遠有無法滿足胃口的讀者
2. indiscriminate 無差別的，任意的。adj.
同義字 unselective， random
這個字是從discriminate”歧視”來的 加上in表示無歧視的，引申變成對事物沒有特定的偏好，沒有特定的選擇性
3. eminent 出眾的,卓越的。adj.
同義字 outstanding， noted ，distinguished，famous
4. steeped 沈浸在...中的；充滿...的。adj.
同義字 soaked， drenched， saturated
當我們說「沉浸於…」時，會用「steeped （oneself） in something」這樣的用法
Ex: Professor Smith is steeped in surface physics.
5. replete 充滿的,裝滿的。adj.
同義字abundantly supplied
當我們說「充滿…」會用 「be replete with something」
Ex: My home is replete with every modern convenience.
Today’s Idiom
To eat humble pie—承認錯誤並且道歉
humble pie 原本是 umble pie，是一種用牲畜內臟所做成的派，美國人不吃內臟，對美國人來說是難吃噁心的，所以引申出來變成很羞愧的承認錯誤。另一個相同的用法是 to eat crow, to eat dirt
Grammar
1. The youngster who reads voraciously, though indiscriminately, does not necessarily gain in wisdom over the teenager who is more selective in his reading choices.
原來的句子應該是the youngster does not necessarily gain in wisdom over the teenager. 主詞是the youngster 動詞是gain in wisdom over受詞是teenager 。接著再用關係代名詞 who….來分別形容the youngster 和 the teenager。所以是什麼樣的youngster呢？就是後面who 所帶出來的 who reads voraciously, though indiscriminately。大量閱讀但是去強調“並沒有刻意挑選內容”所以用though indiscriminately來補充說明。同理 the teenager 是怎麼樣的teenager呢? 也是用who is more selective in his reading choices來形容。這裡的youngster和teenager其實都是年輕人，只是用不同的字來讓文章更豐富而不至於太過於重複。英文句子中很容易把一句簡單的句子插入各式各樣的形容詞，一方面是增加句子精彩度，二方面也是讓句子可以講一句就完結，不需要花太多句子來描述。第一句主要表示廣泛沒選擇的唸書是怎麼樣的情形。
2. A young man who has read the life story of every eminent athlete of the twentieth century, or a coed who has steeped herself in every social-protest novel she can get her hands on, may very well be learning all there is to know in a very limited area.
第二句也是落落長，但其實就是 a young man 和a coed是主詞，跟第一句一樣，用關係代名詞who 來形容是怎麼樣的 a young man 和怎麼樣的a coed(男女同校的女生)，一男一女的描述來代表在專業領域中唸書的人有什麼樣的情形。all there is to know就代表learning的受詞，學得所有該知道的東西，in a very limited area, 就是副詞，代表在有限制範圍的領域內所有該知道的東西都知道了。
3. But books are replete with so many wonders that it is often discouraging to see bright young people limit their own experiences.
第三句則說，books are replete with …. books是主詞，are replete with則是動詞片語， many wonders 是受詞，然後運用so…that…的片語來表達如此的…以致於…。that後面再加上it虛主詞開始的子句。it is often discouraging to see …，則運用了it is + adj. + to 原型動詞的方式來表達。
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